中国毒餃子対策？

急性期の患者は日頃、瞳孔を診る癖をつけとかなければいけないと痛感する。

オウムで有名になったサリンの時にはほとんどの医者がそう感じていたが、喉元過ぎれば・・・
「神経剤―その特性と診断・治療の現況」（http://www.s-a-t.org/sat/sarin/siryo_syoukai/wakimoto.html）


methamidophos
Acephate、 omethoateとともに”organophosphorus pesticides”’（有機リン殺虫剤）

基本的には有機リン中毒なのでそれに従えばよいようだ・・・

有機リン中毒（http://www2.eisai.co.jp/phar/hospha/disnote/dis_13.pdf）

メタミドホス急性毒性：http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/5057

急性毒性:

Methamidophosは経口、経皮、吸入暴露で高い毒性を示す。methamidophosのLD50量は男女でそれぞれ、21 、 16 mg/kgBW、モルモットで30-50mg/kg BW
皮膚LD５０値はラットで50mg/kg、ウサギで118mg/kg
吸入LD50値はラットで9mg/kg、マウスで19mg/kg

・ 急性毒性の症候と症状:

急性の有機リン毒性の早期症状は暴露ルートにより、通常暴露中・すぐに症状が出現する（12時間以内）
吸入では、胸部圧迫、喘鳴、頭痛、視力低下、ピンポイントの瞳孔、流鼻・鼻汁が早期症状である
経口の場合は、吐き気、嘔吐、下痢、急激な腹痛が早期中毒症状として多い。
経皮吸収の場合は、吸収部位の発汗、けいれんが見られる。
衰弱、震え、視力低下、胸部圧迫、発汗、混乱、心拍の変化、けいれん、昏睡、呼吸停止が重度の吸入、経口投与、皮膚暴露時にみられる。

中間期の症状はスリランカの中毒例で記載されており、四肢・頚部・呼吸筋の麻痺が24-96時間続く。遅発性の神経障害（遅発性末梢性神経障害）が暴露後２－４週後記載されており、感覚障害、足、下肢、手の針やピンの感覚が低下する。

アトロピンは有機リンの解毒物である

高血圧、消化器疾患、心臓、肝臓、肺、神経疾患を有するヒトはmethamidophosに感受性が高い。

・ 慢性毒性:

A 56-day rat feeding study resulted in a No Observable Effects Level (NOEL) of 0.03 mg/kg/day. The reference dose (RfD) is based on this study. In another study, dogs were fed up to 32 parts per million (ppm) (or 32 mg/1000 g of food per day) methamidophos for 1 year without observed adverse effects on body weights, organ weights, food consumption, blood chemistry, and urine chemistry. Measurable cholinesterase inhibition was found at all treatment levels .

・ 生殖器への影響:

A two generation feeding study in rats showed a decrease in the percentage of females delivering offspring at all dose levels (0.15, 0.5, and 1.65 mg/kg/day).
A systemic NOEL was 0.5 mg/kg/day based on reduced body weights during premating period (166). In humans, reduced sperm count and sperm viability were seen in men who were exposed to the product Tamaron in China.

・催奇形性:

Some fetal liver pathologic changes were observed when pregnant rabbits were exposed to methamidophos (167). In two teratology studies, no birth defects were observed at the highest levels tested (3 mg/kg/day in rats, and 2.5 mg/kg/day in rabbits). Decreased body weights were observed in offspring and mothers in the rat study at 3 mg/kg/day. In rabbits, a maternal low effect level (LEL) of 0.1 mg/kg/day (lowest dose tested) was observed based on low body weights　.

・変異源性:

Methamidophos has tested positive for genotoxicity, or ability to induce changes in chromosomes, in some tests and negative in others. It may be weakly mutagenic　

・発がん性 :

There is no evidence of carcinogenicity in tests with rats and mice.

・臓器毒性:

The primary target of organophosphate compounds is the nervous system. Some liver damage has been observed in rabbits. Reduced sperm count and reduced sperm viability have been observed in humans.

・ヒト・動物 致死的影響:

Methamidophos is rapidly absorbed through the stomach, lungs and skin. It is eliminated primarily in the urine.

(http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/methamid.htm)

OPPs:organophosphorus:有機リン酸殺虫剤
MRLｓ:maximum residue limits：残留農薬基準
GAPｓ：good argricultural practice:食品安全


残留農薬・動物用医薬品等に関する情報
http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/food-info/chemical/pest/mrl/index.html

各国の農薬・動物用医薬品の残留基準（ＭＲＬ）リンク集
http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/food-info/chemical/pest/mrl-link.html

中国

作物中の農薬のMRL（強制的レベル）
　http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/food-info/chemical/pest/mrl/ch-pest.pdf
　
動物由来食品中の農薬及び動物薬のMRL
　http://www.nihs.go.jp/hse/food-info/chemical/pest/mrl/ch-vetlist.pdf