ICU患者の消化器系・口腔咽頭除菌効果
2009年 01月 02日
今後、コストやベネフィットを考えた研究が必要と思うが、どうだろうか?
selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD):
The SDD regimen was identical to that used by de Jonge et al, and consisted of oropharyngeal application (every 6 h) of a paste containing polymyxin E, tobramycin and amphotericin B each in a 2% concentration and administration (every 6 h) of a 10 ml suspension containing 100 mg polymyxin E, 80 mg tobramycin and 500 mg amphotericin B via the nasogastric tube. Topical antibiotics were applied until ICU-discharge. The costs of these topical antibiotics was $12 per day. In addition, cefotaxime (1000 mg, every 6 h) was administered intravenously during the first four days of study. Cefotaxime was replaced by ciprofloxacin (twice daily 400 mg) in case of documented cephalosporin allergy. Patients with a clinical suspicion or documented infection when admitted to ICU were treated according to standard clinical practice. In these patients cefotaxime was not added to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, ceftazidime or piperacillin/tazobactam. Cefotaxime was replaced by
ciprofloxacin (twice daily 400 mg) in case of documented cephalosporin allergy.Lancet 2003;362:1011-1016. BMJ 1998;316:1275-1285.
selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD):
Protocol modifications for patients with tracheostomy and persistent respiratory tract colonization with yeasts. In patients with tracheostomy the paste was applied around the tracheostomy. Surveillance cultures of endotracheal aspirates and oropharyngeal swabs were performed on admission and twice weekly. Based on these surveillance cultures, adaptation of the SOD regimen was possible: application of oropharyngeal paste was increased to 8 times daily, if the first surveillance culture of the throat yielded yeasts, until two surveillance cultures were negative. The costs of these topical antibiotics were $1 per day.
JAMA 1991;265:2704-2710. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:382-388.
この結果をどう評価するか・・・
Decontamination of the Digestive Tract and Oropharynx in ICU Patients
N Engl J Med. Vol. 360:(1)20-31 Jan. 1, 2009
【背景】 選択的消化管除菌:Selective digestive tract decontamination (SDD) と 選択的口腔・咽頭除菌 (SOD) は、感染予防測定で、集中治療患者の特定の治療で行われたが、患者アウトカムの報告結果は議論がある。
【方法】 オランダの13ICUにてSDD、SODの有効性はクラスターランダム化を用いてcrossoverに検討され、48時間以上抜管にかかると予想される患者で、ICU滞在予測72時間超の患者を対象
3つのレジメン(SDD、SOD、標準ケア)にて6ヶ月ごとランダム順に適用
day 28の死亡率をプライマリエンドポイントである。
SDDは、cefotaxime静注4日間とtobramycin、colistin、amphotericin Bの口腔咽頭・胃局所投与
SODは、同じ抗生剤の口腔咽頭投与
月ごとのポイント頻度研究を抗生剤抵抗性分析で行う
【結果】 総数5939名の患者が研究で参入し、1990名を標準ケアに、1904名をSODに、2045名をSDDに割り付け
第28日の各群の粗死亡率は27.5%、26.6%、26.9%
年齢、性のランダム効果logistic-regression modelにて、APACHIIスコア、挿管状態、他の寄与特異的因子は、SODとSDD群の第28病日の死亡オッズ比は、標準ケアと比べ、0.86 (95% 信頼区間[CI], 0.74 to 0.99) と 0.83 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.97)
【結論】ICU populationでは、 標準ケアの死亡率(day 28)では27.5%で、SDDでは3.5%減少、SODでは2.9%減少。
by internalmedicine | 2009-01-02 18:53 | 感染症